Photo: Mt Field National Park under a blanket of winter snow, Tasmania, Australia. Photography by Phill Petrovic

 

Australian disasters in history

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Disaster   Location   Deaths   Date   Notes  
Epidemic Australia-wide 12,000+ 1918–1919 1918 Spanish Influenza epidemic Approximate death toll. Sydney was the worst affected area.
Epidemic Australia-wide 1013 1946–1955 Polio epidemic
Sea battle Indian Ocean, near Shark Bay 645 19-Nov-1941 Sinking of HMAS Sydney - Sunk with all hands after a battle with German auxiliary cruiser Kormoran
Epidemic Australia-wide 550 1900–1910 Bubonic plague
Heat wave Victoria 438 Dec 1938-Feb 1939 Heatwave killed 438 and sparked the Black Friday bushfires (see below)
Heat wave South-eastern Australia 437 1895–1896 Widespread heatwave killed 437, including 47 in Bourke, New South Wales
Cyclone Bathurst Bay, Queensland 410 March 1889 Cyclone Mahina. Estimated toll
Shipwreck King Island, Tasmania 406 1845 Cataraqui. Australia's worst maritime civil disaster incident
Heatwave South-eastern Australia 374 January 25 to February 9, 2009 2009 Southeastern Australia heat wave. Nine day heatwave with Adelaide recording a record six consecutive days over 40 °C (104 °F) and a record high of 45.7 °C (114.3 °F) with a record overnight minimum of 33.9 °C (93 °F) on January 28. Sparked the 2009 Victorian bushfires (see below). Health authorities attiribute 374 deaths to the Heatwave
Shipwreck coast near Murchison River, Western Australia 286 April 1712 Zuytdorp. There has been speculation that there were some survivors, helped by local Aborigines.
Sinking Off North Stradbroke IslandQueensland 268 14-May-1943 Sinking of AHS Centaur. Hospital ship torpedoed by a Japanese submarine
Heat wave Southern states 246 December 1907 January 1908   
Air raid Darwin, Northern Territory 243 19-Feb-1942 Bombing of Darwin. The first Japanese air raid against Australia. The toll may have been higher, itinerants and Aboriginal persons may be under-represented in the official count.
Prison break Cowra, New South Wales 235-238 05-Aug-1944 Cowra breakout. Escape by Japanese POWs
Shipwreck King Island, Tasmania 224 13 May 1835 Neva
Shipwreck Perth, Western Australia 186 April 1656 Vergulde Draeck
Bushfires Victoria 173 01-Feb-2009 2009 Victorian bushfires
Cyclone/Sinking Western Australia 149 01-Mar-1912 SS Koombana
Heatwaves Australia-wide 147 1920–1921  
Heatwaves Australia-wide 143+ 1911–1912  
Cyclone Broome, Western Australia 141 March 1935 Pearling fleet devastated
Cyclone Eighty Mile Beach, Western Australia 140 1884 Pearling fleet sunk
Shipwreck D'Entrecasteaux Channel, Tasmania 133 12/04/1835 George III
Shipwreck Cape York, Queensland 133 28/2/1890 Quetta
Heatwave Southern states 130 1926–1927  
Shipwreck/Massacre Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia 125+ June-July 1629 Batavia. Mutineers murdered 125 other passengers. The death toll of 125 does not include the mutineers, of whom 7 were immediately hanged and 2 were cast away when Captain Pelsaert returned. Most of the remaining mutineers were later executed.
Heatwave Australia-wide 122+ 1913–1914  
Cyclone/Sinking North-eastern Queensland 122 16-Mar-1911 SS Yongala
Shipwreck Sydney, New South Wales 121 20 August 1857 Dunbar. 1 survivor.
Heatwave Australia-wide 112 1939–1940  
Heatwave Australia-wide 109 1909–1910  
Heatwave Southern regions, Australia 105+ 1959 One source puts death toll at 145
Cyclone/sinking Ayr, Queensland 102-112 24 February 1875 SS Gothenburg. Records of passengers vary
Heatwave Southern regions Australia 99 December 1972 to February 1973  
Cyclone Northern Queensland 99 March 1934 Cyclone and 9.1 m storm surge
Explosion Mount Kembla, New South Wales 96 31-Jul-1902 Mount Kembla Colliery gas explosion. Coal mine gas explosion
Shipwreck Monte Bello Islands, Western Australia 93 23 April 1622 Tryall. Earliest recorded Australian shipwreck
Flood Gundagai, New South Wales 89 24 June 1852  
Shipwreck near Carpenter Rocks, in South East South Australia 89 6 August 1859 SS Admella. South Australia's worst loss of life
Air raid Broome, Western Australia 88 03-Mar-1942 Air raid on Broome. Japanese fighter planes strafed the town. Official toll; may not include some refugees from the Dutch East Indies.
Rail accident Sydney, New South Wales 83 18-Jan-1977 Granville railway disaster. Derailment followed by bridge collapse
Sinking twenty miles south-east of Jervis Bay, New South Wales 82 10-Feb-1964 Melbourne-Voyager collision - HMAS Voyager sank after collision with HMAS Melbourne
Explosion Bulli, New South Wales 81 23 March 1887 Bulli Colliery coal mine gas explosion
Shipwreck King Island, Tasmania 79 23 May 1874 British Admiral
Cyclone Queensland coast, particularly Innisfail 77+ 10-Mar-1918 Cyclone and storm surge with death toll estimated between 77 and 100.
Storms New South Wales between Port Stephens and Sydney 77 12 July 1866 60 lives lost on SS Cawarra alone.
Explosion Mount Mulligan, Queensland 76 16-Sep-1921 Mount Mulligan coal dust explosion
Bushfire Victoria and South Australia 75 16-Feb-1983 Ash Wednesday fires
Shipwreck Green Cape 71 31 May 1886 Ly-Ee-Moon
Bushfire Victoria 71 13-Jan-1939 Black Friday bushfires
Cyclone Darwin 71 24-Dec-1974 Cyclone Tracy destroys the city of Darwin. On 17 March 2005, a Northern Territory Coroner's Inquest outcome increased the official death toll from 65 to 71.
Flood Clermont, Queensland 65 27-Dec-1916  
Bushfire Tasmania 62 20-May-1905 1967 Tasmanian fires
Cyclone near Roebourne and Geraldton, Western Australia 61-71 08-Mar-1905 Estimated toll includes those lost at sea and those killed in flooding at Geraldton
Shipwreck Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia 60 22-Sep-1904 Zeewyk. Approximate death toll
Shipwreck Newcastle, New South Wales 60 12 July 1866 SS Cawarra;; sank during storm in Newcastle Harbour.
Bushfire Victoria 60 February-March 1926  
Cyclone Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia 59-69 1875–1876 Most casualties were at sea
Shipwreck Mutton Bird Island, off the Shipwreck Coast of Victoria 53 1 June 1878 Loch Ard. Sources vary on exact death toll (2 survivors).
Bushfire Victoria 51 1943–1944  
Shipwreck Brisbane, Queensland 50 February 1896 Pearl
Cyclone Around Broome, Western Australia 50 22-Mar-1905  
Cyclonic effects North coast, New South Wales 46 06-Apr-1905  
Rail accident Sunshine, Victoria 44 22-Mar-1905 Sunshine train disaster. Rear end collision
Air Disaster near Mackay, Queensland 40 14-Jun-1943 Bakers Creek air crash. USAAF B-17 Flying Fortress crashes shortly after take-off.
Fire Queenstown, Tasmania 42+ 26-Mar-1905 1912 North Mount Lyell Disaster. Mine fire. True toll may be higher due to subsequent deaths from the effects of the fire
Shipwreck near Edithburgh, South Australia 40 31-Jan-1909 Clan Ranald
Sinking Sydney 40-42 03-Nov-1927 Sydney ferry disaster
Shipwreck Cardwell, Queensland 36 14-Feb-1905 Shipwreck Maria. Some of the survivors were killed by Aborigines although others were helped
Flood Melbourne suburbs and Southern Victoria 35 29 November to 1 December 1934 Torrential rainfall of up to 350 mm. Yarra River becomes raging torrent. Extensive damage with 35 dead, 250 injured, and 3,000 homeless.
Massacre Port Arthur, Tasmania 35 28-Apr-1996 Port Arthur massacre. Shooting massacre
Shipwreck Jervis Bay, New South Wales, 35 1 September 1876 The steamer Dandenong lost during severe storm.
Shipwreck Cheviot Beach, Victoria 35 20 October 1887 SS Cheviot
Bridge collapse Melbourne 35 15-Oct-1970 West Gate Bridge. 35 construction workers died due to a collapse during construction
Road accident Kempsey, New South Wales 35 22-Dec-1989 Kempsey bus crash . Two tourist coaches collided head-on
Cyclone Queensland coast, particularly Mackay 30 01-Jan-1918 Mackay Cyclone
Shipwreck near Southend, south east South Australia 31 14 June 1876 Geltwood. Wreck not found for two weeks. No survivors.
Shipwreck off Wilsons Promontory in Bass Strait 31 01-Dec-1935 SS Paringa Sunk during storm while towing another vessel. All officers and crew lost.
Fire Melbourne 30 13-Aug-1966 William Booth Memorial Hostel fire. Convalescent home for men
Air disaster Mackay 29 10-Jun-1960 TAA Fokker Friendship disaster. Crashed into sea
Cyclone/sinking. Western Australia 29 01-Apr-1991 Cyclone Fife. 27 lost in shipwreck of Mineral Diamond
Riot and insurrection Ballarat, Victoria 28 3 December 1854 Eureka Stockade. Exact death toll remains unknown.
Massacre Myall Creek, near Inverell, New South Wales 28 9 June 1838 Myall Creek massacre. 28 Aboriginal people killed by white stockmen
Cyclone Darwin, Northern Territory 28 January 1897  
Air accident York near Perth 28 26-Jun-1950 ANA Skymaster Amana crash. 1 survivor
Shipwreck Kangaroo Island, South Australia 27 01-Sep-1905 Loch Vennachar
Shipwreck/Massacre Coorong, South Australia 26 13-Jan-1905 Maria. Survivors murdered. Exactly what took place remains controversial.
Air accident Cleveland Bay, Townsville, Queensland 27 07-Aug-1943 C-47 Dakota plane crash. Plane crashed after takeoff.
Cyclone Gold Coast and northern New South Wales 26 01-Feb-1954  
Air accident Port Hedland, Western Australia 26 31-Dec-1968 Port Hedland plane crash. In-flight break up
Explosion Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 26 21-May-1945 Kapooka Army Base soldiers received instruction of demolition work in a bunker which was 3 metres (9.8 ft) below the ground when an explosion took place which resulted in Australia's largest military funeral.
Flood Hunter Valley, New South Wales 25 01-Feb-1955 1955 Hunter Valley floods. Most deaths were around Singleton and Maitland, but most other river systems in the state were also in flood.
Rail accident Wodonga, Victoria 25 26-Apr-1905 Train hit bus carrying army personnel
Air accident Seven Mile Beach, near Hobart 25 01-Mar-1946 Australian National Airways plane
Air accident Winton, Queensland 24 22-Sep-1966 Ansett-ANA Viscount disaster. VH-RMI enroute Mount Isa - Longreach
Shipwreck Gosford 24 6 May 1898 Maitland
Air accident Kudjeru Gap, in the Australian territory of Papua New Guinea 24 01-Aug-1972 RAAF Caribou aircraft crashes in rugged mountainous country enroute from Lae to Port Moresby, killing 24 of the 28 people on board.
Bushfire Southern regions of Victoria 23 01-Jan-1969 280 fires. 17 casualties at Lara
Mine disaster Creswick, Central Victoria 22 12 December 12 1882 New Australasia gold mine. 44 miners trapped when a flooded mine shaft is breached. 22 men drown.
Flood Northern Tasmania 22 01-Apr-1929 Eight drowned when truck ploughed into river and 14 died when dam collapsed and wall swept into town
Heatwave South-east Queensland 22 01-Jan-2000  
Road accident Grafton, New South Wales 21 20-Oct-1989 Grafton bus crash. A head-on collision between a tourist coach and a truck.
Air accident Coolangatta, Queensland 21 10-Mar-1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crashes shortly after take-off due to imbalanced load.
Shipwreck Trial Bay, New South Wales 19-21 September 1816  
Shipwreck Smokey Cape, New South Wales 21 25-Aug-1969 Noongah sank
Shipwreck off Gabo Island, Bass Strait 21 01-Mar-1901 SS Federal vanished without trace. All crewmembers lost.
Air accident Mossman, Queensland 20 07-Sep-1944 Royal Netherlands East Indies Air Force Douglas C-47 Dakota crashes en-route between Merauke, Dutch East Indies and Cairns.
Fire Kings Cross, New South Wales 19 25-Aug-1981 Rembrant Hotel.
Shipwreck Adelaide, South Australia 18+ 13 July 1888 Star of Greece. Exact number of lives lost uncertain.
Road accident Tumut Pond, New South Wales 18 01-Sep-1973 Brake failure caused bus to plummet into reservoir
Air accident Townsville, Queensland 18 12-Jun-1996 Two Army Blackhawk helicopters collided
Landslide Thredbo, New South Wales 18 19-Jun-1905 1997 Thredbo landslide
Air accident Dandenongs, Victoria 18 21-Apr-1905 1938 Kyeema Crash
Rail accident Brooklyn, New South Wales 17 27-Apr-1905 Train ploughed into bus at Hawksbury River station
Rail accident Wasleys Crossing, near Gawler, South Australia 17 12-Apr-1970 Wasleys Crossing (Gawler) disaster. Bus collided with a passenger train
Explosion Ipswich, Queensland 17 31-Jul-1972 Mine gas explosion in the Box Flat Colliery
Heatwave South-Eastern regions, Australia 17 01-Feb-1993 Possibility of additional unreported deaths
Shipwreck Bass Strait Victorian coast 16 29-Nov-1934 SS Coramba left Warrnambool for Melbourne and was never seen again. Believed lost during storm.
Rail accident Camp Mountain, Queensland 16 05-May-1947 Camp Mountain train disaster. A crowded picnic train derailed on bend
Fire Sylvania Heights, New South Wales 16 29-Apr-1981 Pacific Nursing Home fire.
Air accident Botany Bay, New South Wales 15 30-Nov-1961 Ansett-ANA Viscount plane crash. All occupants (11 passengers and 4 crew) died.
Fire Kings Cross, New South Wales 15 25-Dec-1975 Savoy Hotel Fire. Arson
Shipwreck near Cape Schanck, Victoria 15 28 December 1893 SS Alert
Fire Fortitude Valley, Queensland 15 08-Mar-1973 Whiskey Au Go Go fire. Arson
Cyclone/Sinking near Carnarvon, Western Australia 15 01-Jun-1905 Cyclone Hazel
Heatwave South-eastern regions of Australia 15 01-Feb-1981  
Air accident Lockhart River, Queensland 15 07-May-2005 Lockhart River plane crash
Fire Childers, Queensland 15 01-Jun-2000 Robert Long received a life sentence for starting the fire at Childers Palace backpackers hostel
Bushfire Dandenong Ranges and Lara, Victoria 14* January 14 - January 16, 1962 Casualty numbers vary between 9, 14, and 32.
Bushfires Sydney, Blue Mountains and Illawarra, New South Wales 14* 01-Jan-1968 *Sources vary on death toll but most say 14.
Cyclone Whitsunday Islands, Queensland 14 01-Jan-1970 Cyclone Ada
Cyclone Brisbane, Queensland 14 27-Jan-1974 1974 Brisbane flood. Cyclone Wanda
Explosion Appin, New South Wales 14 24-Jul-1979 Appin Colliery Gas Explosion during a pre-planned ventilation change.
Explosion Wonthaggi, Victoria 13 15-Feb-1937 Dalyson Colliery
Air accident Tamworth, New South Wales 13 01-Jan-1960  
Explosion Kianga, near Moura, Queensland 13 20-Sep-1975 Kianga Mine explosion
Air accident Sydney Airport 13 21-Feb-1980 Light aircraft suffers engine failure
Air accident near Alice Springs, Northern Territory 13 13-Aug-1989 Collision between 2 hot air balloons
Earthquake Newcastle, New South Wales 13 28-Dec-1989 1989 Newcastle earthquake
Flood Windsor, New South Wales 12 21 June 1867 12 members of the Eather family swept away in flood.
Bushfire Gippsland, Victoria 12 1 February 1898 "Red Tuesday" bushfires. 2,600 km² burnt, 12 people killed, 2,000 buildings destroyed.
Bushfire Victoria – Portland, Plenty Ranges, Westernport, Wimmera and Dandenong districts 12* 6 February 1851 "Black Thursday" bushfires. *Approximately 12 fatalities, one million sheep, thousands of cattle, 50,000 km² burnt.
Shipwreck Calgardup Bay, Western Australia 12 1 December 1876 SS Georgette
Bridge collapse Hobart, Tasmania 12 05-Jan-1975 Tasman Bridge disaster. The bulk ore carrier Lake Illawarra collided with the bridge, causing a section to fall onto the vessel. 7 crewmen died as the ship sank. 5 people perished as their cars plummeted off the edge.
Explosion Moura, Queensland 12 16-Jul-1986 Explosion in Moura No 4 Mine
Fire Dungog, New South Wales 12 02-Aug-1991 Palm Grove Hostel fire
Rail accident Near Kerang, Victoria 11 05-Jun-2007 Kerang train crash. A V/Line train collides with a truck at a level crossing.
Road accident Boondall, Queensland 12 01-Oct-1994 Boondall bus crash
Rail accident Near Horsham, Victoria 11 24-Feb-1951 A train collides with a bus at a level crossing.
Serial killing Remains discovered in Snowtown, South Australia 11 21-Jun-1905 Snowtown murders.
Air accident Mount Emerald, Queensland 11 11-May-1990  
Bushfire Victoria 10 01-Jan-1965  
Air Accident Canberra 10 13-Aug-1940 Senior War Cabinet Ministers, Chief of Staff and others killed when their plane crashed in fine weather.
Storm/Flood Hunter and Central Coast regions, NSW 10 8 - 11 June 2007 Storm and flooding
Rail accident Near Traveston railway station, Queensland 10 09-Jun-1925 10 died and 48 injured when a passenger carrige and luggage van of the Rockhampton Mail plunged off a high trestle bridge.
Heatwave Eastern and Southern regions Australia 10+ January-February 1997 Strong likelihood of additional unreported deaths
Rail accident Violet Town, Victoria 9 07-Feb-1969 Violet Town railway disaster. Head on collision after driver died at controls.
Landslide Gracetown, Western Australia 9 27-Sep-1996 5 adults and 4 children died when a cliff face collapsed at Cowaramup Bay near Gracetown (Margaret River)
Air accident Williamtown, NSW-Lord Howe Island 9 02-Oct-1994 Seaview Air Aero Commander 690 crashes between Williamtown, NSW and Lord Howe Island.
Bushfire Eyre Peninsula, South Australia 9 11-Jan-2005 Eyre Peninsula Bushfire.
Massacre Melbourne 9 08-Dec-1987 Queen Street massacre. Shooting massacre
Air accident Snowy Mountains, New South Wales 8 21-Mar-1931 Southern Cloud
Bushfire Wandillo, South Australia 8 01-Apr-1958 8 firefighters died Template:Ciation needed
Bushfire Western Victoria 8 01-Feb-1977 Around Streatham was the worst affected area.
Air accident Off Whyalla, South Australia 8 22-Jun-1905 Whyalla Airlines Disaster. All on board drowned, Chris Schuppan's body was never recovered
Explosion Off Dampier, Western Australia 8 18-Nov-2001 Nigo Kim cargo ship explosion.
Flood Canberra 7 26-Jan-1971 1971 Canberra flood. Seven motorists were killed when their cars were swept into a creek.
Fire Sydney 7 09-Jun-1979 Fire engulfs the Ghost Train ride at Luna Park Sydney. May have been arson.
Serial killing Near Berrima, New South Wales 7+ 1989-1994 Backpacker Murders. Remains of seven Backpackers found in the Belanglo State Forest. The killer remains the Prime suspect for another 16 still unsolved murders and is a Person of interest for another 14. There is evidence he may not have acted alone.
Serial killing Near Truro, South Australia 7 1976-1977 Truro murders. Remains of seven young women found in bushland.
Massacre Milperra, New South Wales 7 06-Jun-1905 Milperra massacre. Shooting massacre
Massacre Clifton Hill, Victoria 7 09-Jun-1905 Hoddle Street massacre. Shooting massacre
Massacre Central Sydney 7 14-Jun-1905 Central Coast Massacre. Shooting massacre
Flood Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria 7 12-Jun-1905 Nyngan and Charleville Flood. More than a million square kilometres of flooding.
Massacre Strathfield, New South Wales 7 13-Jun-1905 Strathfield Massacre
Cyclone Around Cairns, Queensland 7 01-Mar-1997 Cyclone Justin. 1 death from landslide. There were also 26 deaths from the same cyclone in Papua New Guinea.
Rail accident Glenbrook, New South Wales 7 01-Dec-1999 Glenbrook train disaster. Collision by a CityRail Intercity train into the rear wagon of an Indian Pacific train after "Stop and Proceed".
Heatwave around Adelaide, South Australia 7 01-Feb-2000  
Rail accident Waterfall, New South Wales 7 01-Jan-2003 Waterfall train disaster. Excessive speed resulting in derailment after driver died at the controls and 'dead man' safety device failed to function.
Serial killing Tynong North and Frankston, Victoria 6 01-Dec-1980 Remains found in bushland. Investigation still open.
Industrial accident Spotswood, Victoria 6 09-Mar-1905 Spotswood Sewer Disaster. The drilling of an underground sewer in Melbourne went too close to the Yarra River.
Landslide Between Blackwood, South Australia and Belair, South Australia 6 31-Jan-1928 Hills Railway line disaster. Railway embankment collapsed during tunnel demolition.
Flood Sydney and Penrith, New South Wales 6 February to March 1978  
Flood Hawkesbury, New South Wales 6 01-Aug-1986 Hawkesbury and Georges River Flood.
Air accident Essendon, Victoria 6 10-Jul-1978 Aircraft with a crew of two and one passenger crashed into houses shortly after take off from Essendon Airport. 6 members of one family were killed.
Air accident Essendon, Victoria 6 03-Sep-1986 Air Ambulance Cessna (call signal RED) crashed on take off from Essendon Airport after single engine failure.
Flood/cyclone Southern Queensland and northern New South Wales 6 01-Feb-1990 Drowning deaths caused by Cyclone Nancy
Rail accident Brooklyn, New South Wales 6 06-May-1990 Commuter train crashed into a stalled chartered steam train.
Maritime accident Tasman Sea 6 20-Jun-1905 1998 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race. 5 boats sank and 6 people died.
Battle Broken Hill, New South Wales 6 01-Jan-1915 Battle of Broken Hill. Two Turkish immigrants open fire on a train carrying picnickers.
Road accident Cardross, near Mildura, Victoria 6 18-Feb-2006 Cardross road accident. Car ploughs into group of teenagers, driver flees
Fire Kings Cross, New South Wales 6 17-Sep-1989 Downunder Hostel Fire. Arson attack.
Sinking Sydney Harbour 6 01-May-2008 6 killed and 9 injured when two boats collided.
Air accident Willowbank, Queensland 5 02-Jan-2006 Skydiving Cessna 206 plane crash.
Mass Murder Inland Hotel in Yulara, Northern Territory 5 18-Aug-1983 Douglas Crabbe rammed his 25-ton Mack truck through a hotel wall
Sinking North of Bermagui, New South Wales 5 9 October 1890 Mystery Bay disappearance. Crew of a small boat disappears off the NSW south coast.
Landslide Cairns, Queensland 5 31-May-1900 Riverstone landslide. Tramway cutting caves in on workers
Rail accident Sydenham, New South Wales 5 06-May-1905 Sydenham Rail Disaster. Wrong side failure causes rear end collision of two trains
Heatwave Southern South Australia and northern Victoria 5+ 01-Jan-1990 Likelihood of additional unreported deaths.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
It uses material from the Wikipedia article "
List of disasters in Australia by death toll"

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