Photo: Forest at Pemberton, Western Australia. Photography by Phill Petrovic

 

Major Australian Earthquakes

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The Australian landmass has been part of all major supercontinents, but its association with Gondwana is especially notable as important correlations have been made geologically with the African continental mass and Antarctica. Australia separated from Antarctica over a prolonged period beginning in the Permian and continuing through to the Jurassic. This was started by rifting along the southern basin of Australia, and contributed to the rifting off of Tasmania.

Australia is currently involved with a collision with the Sunda Arc and New Guinea, which is believed to be an Arc-Arc collision zone. Stresses from the Papuan collision are currently building up, resulting in intraplate earthquakes and incipient thrusting as far south as the Flinders Ranges. It is expected that the oceanic crust north of Australia will eventually sunder, forming a small oceanic subduction zone before the Papuan Arc is accreted to the Australian continent.
Australia is currently moving north toward Eurasia at the rate of 5 centimetres a year.

Location   Date   Magnitude   Damage   Details
Gayndah, Queensland 28/08/1883 5.9 Caused major damage in the Gayndah region.  
Tasman Sea, Tasmania and Victoria 13/07/1884 6.4 Offshore quake Felt in Tasmania and in eastern Victoria
Tasman Sea, Tasmania and Victoria 12/05/1885 6.8 Offshore quake Felt in Tasmania and in eastern Victoria
Yass, New South Wales/ACT November 1886 5.5 (est) Damage caused in Yass, felt strongly in Queanbeyan.  
Tasman Sea, Tasmania and Victoria 26/01/1892 6.9   Offshore earthquake, felt in Launceston. This was the strongest quake in a sequence of hundreds in the Tasman Sea between 1883 and 1892
Beachport - Robe, South Australia 10/05/1897 6.5 Several serious and numerous minor injuries. Severe damage to homes, buildings, power lines, and railways. The epicentre was offshore from Beachport and Robe. Most of the buildings in Beachport and Robe were destroyed. Kingston and Mount Gambier experienced severe damage to many buildings. In Adelaide, widespread panic lead to several minor injuries in crowded areas, and structural damage was caused to many buildings, including Parliament House.
Warooka, South Australia 19/09/1902 6 2 deaths by heart-attack have been attributed to this earthquake. Significant damage to the township of Warooka.
Warrnambool, Victoria 14/07/1903 5.3 Extensive minor damage in Warrnambool  
Indian Ocean, Western Australia 19/11/1906 7.6 Bottles fell off shelves in Carnarvon, 500 kilometres (311 mi) away. Felt at Albany, Western Australia, 1,700 kilometres (1,056 mi) away. Strongest earthquake recorded in an Australian territory.
Bundaberg - Rockhampton, Queensland 7/06/1918 6 Caused "serious damage" to Rockhampton, Bundaberg and Gladstone. Offshore earthquake.
Boolaroo, New South Wales 1/01/1925 5.5    
Gunning, New South Wales 1/11/1934 5.6 Damaged a majority of the buildings in Gunning. The quake was felt strongly in Canberra.
Gayndah, Queensland 12/04/1935 5.4 Caused considerable damage to the town of Gayndah.  
Meeberrie, Western Australia 29/04/1941 7.2 Severe shaking, burst water tanks and cracked ground at Meeberrie homestead. Minor damage reported in Perth, 500 kilometres (311 mi) away. Strongest onshore earthquake recorded in Australia.
Launceston, Tasmania 15/09/1946 6.2   Offshore earthquake
Dalton and Gunning, New South Wales 10/03/1949 5.5 Significant damage in Dalton and Gunning, minor cracks in some buildings in Canberra. This quake was felt from Sydney in the north to Narooma and Cooma in the south.
Adelaide, South Australia 1/03/1954 5.5 Damage totaling $90 million. Widespread minor damage. Considerable damage to many buildings.
Robertson and Bowral, New South Wales 21/05/1961 5.6 $4.1 million  Damage was caused in Moss Vale, Bowral and Robertson. 
Meckering, Western Australia 14/10/1968 6.9 20 injuries, no deaths. 60 buildings destroyed. Minor damage in Perth. Total damage $5 million. In Perth, 130 kilometres (81 mi) away, buildings were reported to have swayed for up to 3 minutes following the quake, which is the second strongest onshore earthquake recorded in Australia. The quake was felt up to 700 kilometres (435 mi) from the epicentre.
Canning Basin, Western Australia 24/03/1970 6.4 Little damage due to the remoteness of the area Part of a sequence of c. 25 quakes of magnitude 5.0 or greater in the Canning Basin area of northern Western Australia between 1970 and 1982
Canning Basin, Western Australia 16/07/1971 6.4   Part of a sequence of c. 25 quakes of magnitude 5.0 or greater in the Canning Basin area of northern Western Australia between 1970 and 1982
Picton, New South Wales 9/03/1973 5.6 Damage totaling $2.8 million. Minor damage in Picton, Bowral and Wollongong.
Canning Basin, Western Australia 3/10/1975 6.4   Part of a sequence of c. 25 quakes of magnitude 5.0 or greater in the Canning Basin area of northern Western Australia between 1970 and 1982
Cadoux, Western Australia 2/06/1979 6.1 No injuries. 25 buildings in Cadoux were damaged. Damage cost $3.8 million. Perth, 180 kilometres (112 mi) away experienced some swaying of tall buildings but no damage was reported. This was one of the largest onshore earthquakes recorded in Australia.
Marryat Creek, Northern Territory 30/03/1986 5.9 Damage was minor, cracked walls observed in DeRose Hill and Victory Downs stations. Felt in Alice Springs 300 kilometres (186 mi) to the north, and Coober Pedy 350 kilometres (217 mi) to the south.
Tennant Creek, Northern Territory 22/01/1988 6.3 - 6.7 Two buildings and 3 other structures damaged, damage caused to natural gas pipeline. Total damage $2.5 million. Three earthquakes of between 6.3 and 6.7 on the Richter scale. Remarkably caused little damage, despite the intensity of the quake. Felt in high-rise buildings as far away as Perth and Adelaide
Uluru, Northern Territory 28/05/1989 5.7 Minor damage was reported at Yulara resort  
Newcastle, New South Wales 28/12/1989 5.6 13 fatalities, 160 people hospitalised, 300,000 people affected. 50,000 homes damaged, 300 buildings demolished. Damage estimated at $4 billion. To date the most destructive earthquake recorded in Australia, damaging over 50,000 buildings and shutting down the Newcastle CBD for two weeks. Effects of the earthquake were felt over 200,000 square kilometres (77,220 sq mi) up to 800 kilometres (497 mi) away.
Arnhem Land, Northern Territory 30/09/1992 5.1 No damage reported Felt in Nhulunbuy, Maningrida and Milingimbi, the crew of HMAS Moresby, anchored in Maningrida at the time, felt the quake strongly
Banda Sea 4/01/1994 6.8 No injuries, 20 buildings damaged, minor damage to old homes, all in Darwin. Offshore earthquake in the Banda Sea, north of Darwin.
Ellalong, New South Wales 6/08/1994 5.4 5 people injured 1,000 homes and 50 other buildings damaged, Total damage $36 million. Some buildings badly damaged.
Southern Ocean 16/05/1995 5.2 None Offshore
Mount Baw Baw, Victoria 25/09/1996 5 No major damage  
Burra, South Australia 5/03/1997 5 No major damage Felt over a wide area.
Collier Bay, Western Australia 10/08/1997 6.3 No major damage Felt from Broome to Halls Creek and Kununurra. Strongest earthquake recorded in Australia since the 1988 Tennant Creek earthquake.
Southern Ocean, southwest of Tasmania 16/12/1999 5.8 Offshore 1,000 kilometres (621 mi) southwest of Hobart
Cocos Islands 18/06/2000 7.5 Offshore, felt on Cocos Islands but no damage was reported 180 kilometres (112 mi) southeast of Cocos Islands
Indian Ocean, Northwest of Western Australia 11/10/2000 5.5 Offshore This quake occurred approximately 230 kilometres (143 mi) northwest of Exmouth
Southern Ocean, south of Western Australia 25/12/2000 5.7 Offshore This quake occurred approximately 860 kilometres (534 mi) south of Albany
Burakin, Western Australia 28/09/2001 5.1 No damage reported This quake occurred 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Burakin, approximately 190 kilometres (118 mi) northeast of Perth
Southern Ocean south of Western Australia 12/12/2001 7 Offshore, felt in Albany and Esperance 1,020 kilometres (634 mi) south of Esperance
Southern Ocean, North of Macquarie Island 23/12/2004 8.1 Offshore, felt in Tasmania and New Zealand 500 kilometres (311 mi) north of Macquarie Island, 1,300 kilometres (808 mi) south of Hobart
Banda Sea 3/03/2005 7.1 Felt in Darwin. Offshore earthquake in the Banda Sea, north of Darwin.
Strahan, Tasmania 14/12/2006 5 Offshore  
Banda Sea 23/01/2009 6.2 Felt in Darwin. Offshore earthquake in the Banda Sea, north of Darwin.

 

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